塔式起重机金属结构的振动模态校核与非接触测量

塔式起重机的结构特点和使用要求决定了它不可避免产生振动。详细介绍了使用有限元法求解塔机的振动模态的步骤。使用非接触法测量塔机的振动频率,给出塔机振动的架构、算法设计、数据结果及处理。试验证实,使用有限元法可以对塔机的金属结构振动进行有效分析和计算,与非接触法测量的结果接近,误差在15%以内。通过对非接触测量的结果分析可以得到塔机金属结构不同部件间刚度强弱的关系。     

麦草制浆黑液对燃煤烟气同时脱硫除汞性能研究

本文利用多级水幕吸收塔,研究了循环液气比(L/G)、空塔气速、进口烟气SO2浓度以及进口烟气Hg浓度对麦草制浆黑液脱硫除汞效果的影响.实验结果表明:随着L/G增加、空塔气速增大、进口SO2浓度降低,脱硫除汞效果得到了不同程度的提升;随着进口Hg浓度升高,脱汞效率缓慢下降,脱硫效率基本不变.通过提高L/G、增加空塔气速、降低进口SO2浓度与Hg浓度提麦草制浆黑液高脱硫除汞效率,为麦草制浆黑液协同脱硫除汞奠定应用基础.     

通信铁塔影响建筑物防雷安全计算公式之合理性探讨

以一个发生过严重雷灾事故的屋顶通信铁塔为例,分别利用国际电信联盟ITU-K56《无线通讯基站的雷电防护》和国际电报电话咨询委员会CCITT《防雷手册》中的公式计算出建筑物安装了通信铁塔后的年预计雷击次数,并将之与未安装通信铁塔时的年预计雷击次数进行对比,两者的计算结果存在显著差异。基于雷击条件相似原则,参照移动公司通信铁塔每年遭受雷击次数的实际统计数据,对这两个计算公式的合理性问题进行了探讨。研究结果表明,CCITT《防雷手册》中的计算公式更具合理性,计算结果更加接近实际值,计算方法更能准确地评估铁塔对所在区域的建筑物及电子电气设备的防雷安全所造成的影响。     

稳定塔安全阀起跳原因分析及对策

当工艺操作参数波动较大时,尤其是在开工阶段,杨易造成稳定塔安全阀起跳.分析了安全阀起跳的原因,认为主要原因是稳定塔负荷过大及稳定塔塔顶温度过高,提出了相应的预防安全阀起跳的工艺控制措施.     

气流与第三方物质交互解吸高浓度氨氮废水的研究

利用填料塔作为吹脱解吸设备,结合表面活性剂增强传质的特点,选取表面活性剂作为第三方物质,以空气作为气流吹脱解吸废水中的高浓度氨氮。实验研究了废水温度T、pH值、气液比n、表面活性剂种类和投加量ρ等条件变化对氨氮解吸效率η的影响。结果表明:加入表面活性剂X后,氨氮脱除效率提高2%;影响解吸效率因素的主次顺序为pH>T>n>ρ;最佳操作条件为T=80℃、pH=11.0、ρ=15 mg/L、n=650:1。在最佳的操作条件下,处理氨氮含量为2 159.0 mg/L和3 680.5 mg/L的废水时,解吸效率分别达到95.28%和94.69%,即废水最终的氨氮浓度为102.0 mg/L和195.5 mg/L,低于废水后续生化处理进水指标中对氨氮含量的要求。     

生物膜液相催化氧化烟气脱硫实验研究

用氧化亚铁硫杆菌在生物膜填料塔进行液相催化氧化脱硫是一种新型的经济有效的方法.脱硫效率受多种因素影响.本文分别研究了SO2入口质量浓度、喷淋液Fe2 浓度、喷淋率、空塔气速及喷淋液循环使用对脱硫效率的影响.结果表明,在最佳操作条件(SO2入口质量浓度小于2 000 mg/m3、喷淋液中Fe2 浓度≥0.06 mol/L、喷淋率约为12 L/m3h,空塔气速约为0.15 m/s)下,脱硫效率可达96%以上.还分析了在反应器中培养基连续循环使用对脱硫效果的影响.在本实验条件下,当喷淋液循环使用7次后,必须补充新鲜营养液,以保证较高的脱硫效率.     

石灰石/石灰-石膏湿法脱硫几种反应塔的比较

石灰石／石灰－石膏湿法烟气脱硫是控制二氧化硫排放的最常用方法。通过对该方法几种主要工艺及反应塔的比较,研究了喷淋塔,格栅塔,鼓泡塔和液柱塔在结构与工艺上的差异,以及它们在中国的实际应用,分析了各种脱硫反应塔的优缺点,并由此归纳出脱硫反应塔发展的趋势,研究结果将为脱硫工艺以及脱硫塔的选择提供依据和参考。     

用突变理论分析矿山冒落型地震机理

矿山冒落型地震是一种破坏性最为严重的地质灾害之一。研究其成因机理 ,对矿山安全生产具有重大的现实意义。笔者根据矿山冒落型地震的特征 ,应用突变理论和能量守恒原理 ,建立了一个简单的力学模型 ,提出由地下开采引起采空区顶板突然破坏和冒落—释放能量—诱发地震的观点 ,并结合现场实例进行分析 ,得到顶板冒落和所释放出来的能量表达式 ,这为研究矿山冒落型地震成因机理提供了一种新的方法。     

Roofing as a source of nonpoint water pollution

Sixteen wooden structures with two roofs each were installed to study runoff quality for four commonly used roofing materials (wood shingle, composition shingle, painted aluminum, and galvanized iron) at Nacogdoches, Texas. Each roof, either facing NW or SE, was 1.22 m wide x 3.66 m long with a 25.8% roof slope. Thus, there were 32 alternatively arranged roofs, consisting of four roof types x two aspects x four replicates, in the study. Runoff from the roofs was collected through galvanized gutters, downspouts, and splitters. The roof runoff was compared to rainwater collected by a wet/dry acid rain collector for the concentrations of eight water quality variables, i.e. Cu(2+), Mn(2+), Pb(2+), Zn(2+), Mg(2+), Al(3+), EC and pH. Based on 31 storms collected between October 1997 and December 1998, the results showed: (1) concentrations of pH, Cu, and Zn in rainwater already exceed the EPA freshwater quality standards even without pollutant inputs from roofs, (2) Zn and Cu, the two most serious pollutants in roof runoff, exceeded the EPA national freshwater water quality standards in virtually 100% and more than 60% of the samples, respectively, (3) pH, EC, and Zn were the only three variables significantly affected by roofing materials, (4) differences in Zn concentrations were significant among all roof types and between all roof runoff and rainwater samples, (5) although there were no differences in Cu concentrations among all roof types and between roof runoff and rainwater, all means and medians of runoff and rainwater exceeded the national water quality standards, (6) water quality from wood shingles was the worst among the roof types studied, and (7) although SE is the most frequent and NW the least frequent direction for incoming storms, only EC, Mg, Mn, and Zn in wood shingle runoff from the SE were significantly higher than those from the NW; the two aspects affected no other elements in runoff from the other three roof types. Also, Zn concentrations from new wood-shingle roofs were significantly higher than those from aged roofs of a previous study. The study demonstrated that roofs could be a serious source of nonpoint water pollution. Since Zn is the most serious water pollutant and wood shingle is the worst of the four roof types, using less compounds and materials associated with Zn along with good care and maintenance of roofs are critical in reducing Zn pollution in roof runoff.     

客车上顶内板冲压工艺及模具设计

论述了工艺分析在模具设计中的主导地位,着重指出冲压工艺方案的合理性是设计好模具的首要条件.并介绍了模具结构、工作原理及模具的使用情况.